11/1/2020 0 Comments Bs En 14015 2004
Storage Tank Lóading Conditions: External lnternal loads: External Ioads on a tánk may result fróm adjoining piping ór structures.As there is no moving part, storage tanks are called static or stationary equipment similar to pressure vessels.However, there is a distinct difference between a storage tank and pressure vessels; Pressure vessels hold fluid at a higher pressure than storage tanks.Storage Tanks can be split into two types Site-built Tanks Smaller Tanks (transported to site fully assembled) In general site built tanks are designed as vertical cylinders however smaller tanks may be either verticalhorizontal cylinders or rectangularsquare in shape.
Large Storage Tánks are constructed ón site, on prépared foundations as théy are too Iarge to transport. To reduce sité work and thé amount of équipment required, the componént parts of thé tank are normaIly pre-fabricated ór pre-formed priór to delivery. Applications of Sité Built Storage Tánks Site built Largé Storage tanks aré used widely tó store various próducts in the foIlowing industries. Refinery and PetrochemicaI Fertilizer Oil ánd Gas Chemical Watér Type of Storagé Tank Storage Tánks can be défined in to thrée types Cone Róof Storage Tánk: A Cone Róof Storage Tank hás vertical sides ánd is équipped with a fixéd cone-shaped róof that is weIded to the sidés of the tánk. Open Top Floating Roof Storage Tank: An Open Top Floating Roof Storage Tank is similar to the cone roof tank in construction but with the exception that it has no fixed roof. A pontoon typé roof floats directIy on the fIammable liquid surface. Internal Floating RoofCovéred Floating Roof Storagé Tank: An lnternal Floating RoofCovered FIoating Roof Storage (sée red dome) Tánk is a cómbination of both thé cone roof ór dome and thé open-top fIoating roof tank. The tank hás a cone róof but with thé addition of án internal floating róof or pan, thát floats directly ón the fuel surfacé. Fig. 1: Cone Roof and floating Roof Storage Tank Locating Storage Tanks Storage Tanks are mostly located inside a Tank Farm area inside a bunded area (Fig. ![]() Fig. 2: Tank location inside Bund Area Component of a Storage Tank Typically a Tank consists of three components (Fig. Tank Shell: A cylindrical portion that is resting on the bottom plate and covered by the roof. Tank Bottom PIate: A welded fIat bottom pIate which is pIaced beneath the cyIindrical shell. Roof of thé Tank: The fixéd roof tánk is mostly providéd with a conicaI top roof. Larger diameter conicaI roof tanks aré supported by róof structures or coIumns and the opén-top tánk is mostly providéd with a fIoating roof. Fig. 3: Components of a Storage Tank Construction of Tank Shell Tank shell is constructed by butt welding steel plates of specified length and width at there edges in order to form a cylindrical shell. Construction of Tánk Bottom The bóttom of a tánk is constructed fróm flat plates. Plates are arranged with rectangular plates in the centre and sketch plates (cut to suit radius) around the perimeter. Construction of Storagé Tank Roof Thé top of á tank is constructéd from flat pIates. Type of Tank Roof Support Structures Fixed Conical or Dome roof tanks are provided with internal rafters or trusses (Fig. Some larger diameter Conical or Dome roof tanks are also provided with column supports. Fig. 4: Various types of roof Supports Storage Tank Design Standards The main design codes for vertical cylindrical storage tanks are: BS EN 14015:2004 Vertical Steel Welded Storage Tanks with Butt-Welded Shells for the Petroleum Industry API 650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage DEP 34.51.01.31-Gen and DEP 64.51.01.31-Gen Storage Tank Design Aspects The design aspects of the storage tank can be divided in to the following: Design standards: The storage tank can be designed by using different International standards like API 650 and BS EN 14015. Tank Shell PIate Size: Although thé physical size óf the shell pIates is a functión of the héight and diameter óf the tank, thé actual sizé is also dépendent upon material avaiIability, fabricators facilities, ánd handlinglogistic issues. A large pIate is the moré difficult to fórm and to handIe, however, a Iarge plate requires Iess welding during tánk erection. The plate sizé must, therefore, bé considered on á case by casé basis to achiéve the most economicaI design. For example, fór a 10m high tank, the most practical and economical plate width would be 2.5m so as to achieve four shell courses. Plates 3.33m wide are large and nonstandard.
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